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991.
The retreat of mountain glaciers and ice caps has dominated the rise in global sea level and is likely to remain an import component of eustatic sea‐level rise in the 21st century. Mountain glaciers are critical in supplying freshwater to populations inhabiting the valleys downstream who heavily rely on glacier runoff, such as arid and semi‐arid regions of western China. Owing to recent climate warming and the consequent rapid retreat of many glaciers, it is essential to evaluate the long‐term change in glacier melt water production, especially when considering the glacier area change. This paper describes the structure, principles and parameters of a modified monthly degree‐day model considering glacier area variation. Water balances in different elevation bands are calculated with full consideration of the monthly precipitation gradient and air temperature lapse rate. The degree‐day factors for ice and snow are tuned by comparing simulated variables to observation data for the same period, such as mass balance, equilibrium line altitude and glacier runoff depth. The glacier area–volume scaling factor is calibrated with the observed glacier area change monitored by remote sensing data of seven sub‐basins of the Tarim interior basin. Based on meteorological data, the glacier area, mass balance and runoff are estimated. The model can be used to evaluate the long‐term changes of melt water in all glacierized basins of western China, especially for those with limited observation data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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994.
The problems of the earth’s gravity fields’ visualization are both focus and puzzle currently. Aiming at multiresolution rendering,
modeling of the Earth’s gravity fields’ data is discussed in the paper by using LOD algorithm based on Quad Tree. First, this
paper employed the method of LOD based on Quad Tree to divide up the regional gravity anomaly data, introduced the combined
node evaluation system that was composed of viewpoint related and roughness related systems, and then eliminated the T-cracks
that appeared among the gravity anomaly data grids with different resolutions. The test results demonstrated that the gravity
anomaly data grids’ rendering effects were living, and the computational power was low. Therefore, the proposed algorithm
was a suitable method for modeling the gravity anomaly data and has potential applications in visualization of the earth’s
gravity fields. 相似文献
995.
Taking advantage of heat absorbing and releasing capability of phase change material (PCM),Paraffin wax-based concrete was prepared to assess its automatic temperature control performance.The mechanical properties of PCM concrete with eight different Paraffin wax contents were tested by the cube compression test and four-point bending test.The more Paraffin wax incorporated,the greater loss of the compressive strength and bending strength.Based on the mechanical results,four contents of Paraffin wax were chosen for studying PCM concrete's thermal properties,including thermal conductivity,thermal diffusivity,specific heat capacity,thermal expansion coefficient and adiabatic temperature rise.When the Paraffin wax content increases from 10% to 20%,the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity decrease from 7.31 kJ/(m·h·℃) to 7.10 kJ/(m·h·℃) and from 3.03×10~(-3)m~2/h to 2.44×10~(-3)m~2/h,respectively.Meanwhile the spe‐cific heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient rise from 5.38×10~(-1)kJ/(kg·℃) to 5.76×10~(-1)kJ/(kg·℃) and from9.63×10~(-6)/℃ to 14.02×10~(-6)/℃,respectively.The adiabatic temperature rise is found to decrease with an increasing Paraffin wax content.Considering both the mechanical and thermal properties,15%of Paraffin wax was elected for the mass con‐crete model test,and the model test results confirm the effect of Paraffin wax in automatic mass concrete temperature control. 相似文献
996.
The subduction factories in convergent plate margins exert crucial control on recycling terrestrial components and returning to the overlying crust. The Nd and Hf isotopic systems provide potential tracers to evaluate these processes. Here we present a case where these isotopic systems are decoupled in a suite of granites from the Chinese Altai, showing a wide range of εHf(t) values(from -4.7 to +10.8) in contrast to a limited range of εNd(t) values(from -5.8 to -1.9). The zircon xenocrysts occurring frequently in these rocks show markedly negative εHf(t) values(from -34.3 to -6.5) and positive d7 Li values(from +12.5 to +18.2). We propose a model to explain the observed relationship between residual zircon and Nde Hf isotope decoupling. We suggest that the Altai granites originated from partial melting of subducted slab components under relatively low temperature conditions which aided the residual zircon from oceanic sediments to inherit and retain a significant amount of177 Hf in the source, thereby elevating the176 Hf/177 Hf ratio of the melt, and decoupling from the143 Nd/144 Nd ratio during the subsequent magmatic processes. Our study illustrates a case where sediment recycling in subduction zone contributes to decoupling of Nd and Hf isotopic systems, with former providing a more reliable estimate of the source characteristics of granitic magmas. 相似文献
997.
固结条件与荷载条件对吹填土的力学特性具有明显的影响,且土的微观结构特征是决定其宏观力学性质的本质因素,为了研究吹填软土力学特性在不同固结条件和荷载条件下的变化规律及与微结构参数的关联性,对天津滨海新区重塑吹填软土进行不同初始固结条件与荷载效应综合作用下的蠕变试验和微观结构测试,研究此条件下吹填土力学特性的变化规律,并通过灰色关联度理论建立宏观力学参数与微结构参数之间的关联性。试验结果表明:稳定性蠕变对吹填软土强度的增长起到积极作用,有偏压固结较无偏压固结强度增长更快,且初始固结越充分,强度增长越快;随蠕变时间的增加,颗粒的等效直径、形态比和圆度呈增大的趋势,而颗粒和孔隙的数量与周长、孔隙的等效直径、形态比和圆度则呈减小的趋势;抗剪强度指标C,φ值随颗粒等效直径、形态比和圆度的增大而增大,但随颗粒和孔隙的数量与周长、孔隙的等效直径、形态比和圆度的增大而减小。关联度分析表明,颗粒(孔隙)等效直径和圆度是影响吹填土力学性质演化的重要微结构参数,固结与蠕变越充分,土体微结构参数调整越稳定,强度越高。 相似文献
998.
克拉通盆地是所有盆地类型中最稳定、最长寿的盆地,也是地壳和地幔长期垂向变形最重要的地质记录。地史上面积最大的克拉通盆地(超级克拉通盆地)原型面积常超过200×10^4 km^2,对探讨克拉通盆地成因演化具有重要的代表性意义。目前世界各地的研究可以识别出10余个不同时期的超级克拉通盆地。本文根据超级克拉通盆地基底性质、盆地发育的超大陆构造演化背景及其构造特征,将超级克拉通盆地划分为A型盆地和B型盆地两种类型,它们分别以西西伯利亚盆地和刚果盆地为代表。A型盆地形成于超大陆裂解之前至初始裂解的背景下,基底为前期造山带,为短波长盆地。盆地形态不规则性强,内部均一性相对较低,克拉通盆地边缘可能渐变为弧后盆地或前陆盆地。B型盆地形成于超大陆裂解末期(即下一个超大陆汇聚之初),基底为古克拉通陆块,为长波长盆地,盆地多呈对称的宽缓碟型。A型盆地处于短期活动的热地幔柱之上,伴随早期裂谷作用及其随后的热衰减成盆;B型盆地常处于热点和地貌高地之间的部位,盆地沉降长期受地幔持续缓慢下沉控制。 相似文献
999.
长江中下游成矿带是我国重要的铁铜多金属矿产资源基地,燕山期中酸性岩浆岩对铜、铁、金等各种内生金属矿床的形成起着举足轻重的作用,识别和厘定岩浆岩体特别是隐伏岩体的三维分布形态对成矿动力学研究和深部找矿预测工作都有着重要意义。我们采用重磁三维物性反演技术,获得长江中下游成矿带磁化率和密度差三维模型,根据物性与岩性对应关系,识别和分析了区内岩浆岩体三维空间结构。推测了区内存在5个主要的岩浆活动中心,探讨了岩浆流动形式与轨迹。根据重磁三维反演反映的长江中下游岩浆岩三维分布特征,结合区域莫霍面、均衡重力异常和重磁多尺度边缘检测结果,以及区域成矿背景,预测了5个找矿远景区。结果表明,重磁三维反演技术是一种行之有效的岩浆岩体识别手段,通过对反演所得磁化率、密度分布情况的分析,可识别、圈定隐伏或半隐伏岩体,并可定量获取岩体三维形态特征,从而为寻找与火山岩、侵入岩体有关的金属矿产提供指示信息。 相似文献
1000.